What involves the ability to distinguish among various sensations?

Perception is the correct choice because it specifically refers to the process of recognizing and interpreting sensory stimuli. This involves the ability to discern various sensations such as touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell, allowing an individual to make sense of the information received from the environment. Perception integrates sensory data and uses cognitive processes to give meaning to those sensations, which is essential for effective interaction with the world.

Attention, while important in focusing on specific stimuli, does not inherently involve distinguishing among sensations but rather the ability to concentrate on certain inputs. Thought encompasses reasoning, planning, and decision-making, which are higher level cognitive processes, not directly related to sensory discrimination. Memory involves the storage and recall of information and experiences, which is separate from the immediate processing and interpretation of sensory data. Therefore, perception stands out as the process that directly involves distinguishing among various sensations.