Which higher-level cognitive function involves executive processes and judgment?

The correct answer focuses on metacognition as the higher-level cognitive function that encompasses executive processes and judgment. Metacognition refers to the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes, which is essential for self-regulation in learning and problem-solving. This includes the ability to monitor, control, and plan one's cognitive activities, which are key components of executive functions.

Metacognition enables individuals to assess how they approach tasks, evaluate their understanding, and adjust strategies accordingly to improve outcomes. The capacity for judgment plays a significant role here, as it involves making decisions based on the evaluation of information and reflecting on the effectiveness of those decision-making processes. This self-reflective aspect is integral to higher-level cognitive function, allowing individuals to engage effectively in complex tasks.

In contrast, the other options reflect different cognitive processes. Attention is primarily concerned with the ability to focus on specific stimuli or tasks. Memory relates to the storage and retrieval of information, while perception deals with the interpretation of sensory input. These functions are crucial in their own right but do not encapsulate the broader executive processes necessary for metacognition. Therefore, the choice of metacognition highlights its importance as a cognitive function that governs higher-order thinking, integrating both executive functioning and judgment.